2021年度十大医疗创新：基因疗法、CD20单抗、PA(3)

CGRP全称为降钙素基因相关肽。上世纪90年代，科学家们首次发现，在偏头痛发作时，患者血液中CGRP的水平升高，并且发现三叉神经系统释放的CGRP是触发偏头痛发作的“开关”。这一发现让CGRP信号通路成为治疗偏头痛的热门靶点。全球范围内已经有多款CGRP受体或CGRP本身的抗体类疗法获批上市，用于偏头痛的预防治疗，包括erenumab-aooe、fremanezumab-vfrm、galcanezumab-gnlm等。

最近一年，偏头痛治疗领域迎来了新的突破性进展。艾尔建（Allergan）公司开发的CGRP受体拮抗剂ubrogepant、Biohaven公司的CGRP受体抑制剂rimegepant均已获得美国FDA布批准，用于治疗急性偏头痛。此外，2020年2月，美国FDA还批准了灵北（Lundbeck）公司的Vyepti（eptinezumab-jjmr）上市，用于成人偏头痛的预防性治疗。根据新闻稿，Vyepti是FDA批准的首个用于预防偏头痛的静脉注射药物。

偏头痛是一种非常常见的慢性疾病。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）统计，世界上每十个人中就有一人饱受偏头痛的折磨，其中女性患者是男性的三倍。患者经常会出现疾病发作，症状包括头痛，畏光，怕声、幻觉以及恶心。CGRP靶向药的到来，让偏头痛患者治疗迈入了新时代。

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